【復習】ASNS2631 Week2 Lecture【Review】

Before starting the review for this subject I'd like to mention about tutorial discussion for tomorrow.

These are the question for tomorrow.

Tutorial discussion: 

1. What is the relationship between Shintō and the imperial family? 
2. What are the historical and cultural significance of Kojiki and Nihonshoki? What function did these texts serve?
3. What impact did continental civilization (from China and Korea) have on the formation of a centralized Japanese polity? Give specific examples. 
4. Reading Shōtoku’s “constitution” carefully, attempt to distill its essential message. What appears to have been his primary objective? Is the word “constitution” appropriate? 

These question are related to what we have done today in lecture.

However, today's topic was

Establishment of Early Polity (Making Japan)

-Lecture on the early state, the emperor system and religion

From archipelago to nation. 19th century Hokkaido and Okinawa unified to Japan.

Until the Japan unified as Japan there were many competing clans(氏uji) and king.

日本の古代における氏（うじ、ウジ）とは、事実上または系譜上、祖先を同じくする同族集団、すなわち氏族を指す。家々は氏を単位として結合し、土着の政治的集団となった。さらに、ヤマト王権（大和朝廷）が形成されると、朝廷を支え、朝廷に仕える父系血縁集団として、氏姓（うじかばね）制度により姓氏（せいし）へと統合再編され、支配階級の構成単位となった。

In the early stage of Japan Uji is genealogically in the same line, same group, and the group is called 氏族shizoku. Each of the house used Uji as unit and they combined as a local political group. After all when the Yamato Kingdom had established Uji become the supporting group of Yamato. The Uji is the unit of the governing classes.

Yamato clan traditions

• Sun is the worship of primitive religion
• Yamato's family shrine at Ise（伊勢神宮）

6th century - Adaptation of continental things -> Writing -> Transformation of information -> tool to unify Japan

古事記と日本書紀
Kojiki and Nihonshoki

Kojiki and Nihonshoki are the one of earliest historical textual in Japan.

Kojiki was written in 712.

Nihonshoki was written in 720.

Textualisation = proliferation

By using these books Yamato clans spread their morality to conquer Japan.

Origin of Shitonism神道

Shitoism set emperor as highest.

Shintoism was not a codified define religion until 19th century

There are shrine at Ise as a family shrine for emperor

Each 20 years Ise shrine rebuild and it's called 式年遷宮shikinen sengu。

The reason for the shikinen senguu is to keep the shrine new and remind people the importance of Shitoism

The difference between western and eastern religion

Western is orthodoxy which is important to believe the god.

Eastern is orthopraxy  which is important to do some actions for god.

The introduction of Buddhism

Paikche(552) introduced Buddhism to Japan

Four noble truth四聖諦

Now this, bhikkhus, is the noble truth of suffering: birth is suffering, aging is suffering, illness is suffering, death is suffering; union with what is displeasing is suffering; separation from what is pleasing is suffering; not to get what one wants is suffering; in brief, the five aggregates subject to clinging are suffering.

Now this, bhikkhus, is the noble truth of the origin of suffering: it is this craving which leads to re-becoming, accompanied by delight and lust, seeking delight here and there; that is, craving for sensual pleasures, craving for becoming, craving for disbecoming.

Now this, bhikkhus, is the noble truth of the cessation of suffering: it is the remainderless fading away and cessation of that same craving, the giving up and relinquishing of it, freedom from it, non-reliance on it.

Now this, bhikkhus, is the noble truth of the way leading to the cessation of suffering: it is this noble eightfold path; that is, right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration.

釈迦は初転法輪において、まず迷いの現実が苦であることと、その苦は克服しうるものであることを明らかにした。しかも、苦は単に苦として外にあるのでなく、我々がそれをどう受け取るのかで変わってくることを説いて、「煩悩」こそがすべてを苦と受け取らせる原因であることを明らかにした。したがって、この煩悩を正しく処理すれば、苦に悩まされない境地をうる。その道こそ、いっさいの自己愛を捨て、他に同化することにあるので、その根本は自己の本姿に徹することである。つまり、本来、執着すべきでない自己に執着することこそ、苦の原因である。この「苦」を滅して涅槃の世界に入る方法こそ「仏道」である。

As you know Buddhism is created in India. From India to Japan there have been many things(local philosophy, architecture, ect, ) 

The path way where Buddhism came from

Early Buddhism and the state

Buddhism had spread from aristocrats to people.
They held ceremony of Buddhism.

大化の改新taika no kaishin
大宝律令taihourituryo

These two was used as centralization of Japan.

Public Authority(公的認可) is the key word for entire semester.
The opposite word is private power.



Get bit lazy in the last part but however I've included everything I've learned today